What is it?
Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an overgrowth of normal germs (bacteria) in the vagina and a loss of the normal lactobacillus bacteria.
How do you get it?
It is not considered to be a sexually transmitted disease although in some people it does appear to be sexually "associated" and may be triggered by sexual activity. This is more likely with a new partner or if you have many partners. Another potential cause of bacterial vaginosis is douching, as this disrupts the natural balance of the vagina. Douching is also a risk for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and should be avoided.
What are the symptoms?
A change in the amount, color or odor of the discharge (fluid) from the vagina - Discharge may change to shades of grey and it may also have a fish-like odour.
How do you know you have it?
You need to have a medical exam and have test samples taken from the vagina.
What is the treatment?
Prescription antibiotic pills taken orally. It is not necessary for your sexual partner(s) to be treated.
Should you be tested for other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
If you have different sexual partners, or if your partner has different partners, you should be tested for gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis and HIV (the virus linked to AIDS). You may also need shots to prevent hepatitis B.
What if I don't get treated?
Occasionally the bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis can spread into the uterus (womb), fallopian tubes and ovaries and cause an infection there. This is quite serious as it may lead to infertility. One way the bacteria gets in to the uterus is if an instrument is put through the cervix (opening of the uterus). This would be done, for example, for an abortion, a D&C (dilation and curettage), an X-Ray of the uterus, or when tubes are used to inject a dye. It is very important that you get tested for bacterial vaginosis before having any of these procedures performed. If it is present, have it treated before the procedure.
You also should be tested and treated for bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy if you have had a previous complicated pregnancy. Bacterial vaginosis that causes symptoms should be treated in any pregnancy.
Of particular concern to women
Birth control pills may not be effective when you are taking some antibiotic pills. Keep taking your birth control pills while taking your medicine, but use a second form of birth control (like a condom) until your next period.
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